Hileen Mustafa Haji

M.S.

Medical Microbiology

B.S

Medical Laboratory

Assistant Lecturer

microbial and food

Cihan -university Duhok

Microbes and food are closely connected. Microorganisms like bacteria, yeasts, and molds play important roles in both food production and spoilage. Beneficial microbes are used in making foods like yogurt, cheese, bread, and fermented products (e.g., kimchi, pickles). Harmful microbes can cause food spoilage or foodborne illnesses if food is not handled or stored properly.

esr-test

Cihan -university Duhok

The ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) test is a blood test that measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube over one hour. A faster-than-normal rate may indicate inflammation in the body. It is a non-specific test, meaning it doesn't diagnose a specific condition but helps detect or monitor inflammatory diseases, such as infections, autoimmune disorders (like rheumatoid arthritis), or certain cancers.

c--reactive-proteins

cihan-university duhok

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a substance produced by the liver in response to inflammation. It is part of the body's immune response and rises when there is inflammation or infection. A CRP blood test is commonly used to detect or monitor conditions like infections, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory conditions. High levels of CRP can indicate acute inflammation, while lower levels may point to chronic issues or cardiovascular risk.

D-dimer

Cihan university

A D-dimer test is a simple blood test that can help your healthcare provider determine if you may have a blood clotting condition. If you have a high level of D-dimer in your blood, your provider may have you undergo further blood tests and/or imaging procedures to determine a diagnosis.

prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lambilia in duhok province iraq

Cihan university

Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are considered as two of the most widely distributed gastrointestinal protozoan parasites in the world, especially in underdeveloped nations, where they cause serious health issues in the form of amebiasis and giardiasis, respectively. The fecal-oral pathway describes the way in which both protozoa are transmitted, specifically through the consumption of tainted food or water

Eczema

Cihan University

Eczema is a condition that causes your skin to become dry, itchy and bumpy. This condition weakens your skin's barrier function, which is responsible for helping your skin retain moisture and protecting your body from outside elements. Eczema is a type of dermatitis.

favism

Favism is a medical condition in which people develop hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells) after eating fava beans (also called broad beans) or inhaling their pollen. It occurs in people with a genetic deficiency of an enzyme called G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase).

Microbial Pollution: Impacts on Public Health and Strategies for Controlling

It was aimed to Identify and analyze primary sources of microbial pollution in various environments (e.g., water, soil, air) and understand their contributions to public health risks.

Distribution Patterns and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasites Among Different Populations in Duhok Province, Iraq.

Enteric infections are a major public health concern worldwide, and they are more common in places with insufficient water so urces, poor sanitation, low socioeconomic situations, and poor hygiene habits. Most causes of enteric infection may be due to Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and some helminths have a serious role in intestinal disease. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasites (eggs and cysts) in various age groups and sexes with respect to the level of sanitation and personal hygiene in different levels of education, according to the source of eating and drinking of people in different areas in Duhok province. Outpatients with diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders provided stool samples. at the Kurdistan Region of Iraq's Duhok area, at nine teaching and private hospitals: Azadi and Heevi Pediatric, Amedi, Semel, Shekhan, Sidra, Vin, Awni, and Ghazi. The faeces specimens that were obtained were analyzed macroscopically for composition and consistency before being studied under a microscope using the direct wet mount technique. Infection with an intestinal parasite was recorded in about 849 (28.3%) positive from the 3000 examination specimens. The highest rate of intestinal parasite was due to Entamoeba histolytica 94.4 %(802/849), mostly in the age group 0-10 years (42.4%), high prevalence of amebiasis in male in center of Duhok and Shekhan about 428(50.4%), 14 (1.6%) from total 849 infection samples respectively and high rate of amebiasis in female in Amedia and Semel 33 (3.8%),45(5.3%) from total 849 infection samples respectively and high level of giardiasis recorded in female in center of Duhok and Semel 18(2.1%), 11(1.2%) respectively from total infection samples and these different was statistically significant p<0.05, primary levels of education about (62.1%), drinking filter water (85.9%), eating outside home (53.3%), There was a statistically significant change (p < 0.05). that is, risk factors that show elevated infection levels. According to the present research, improved health depends critically on better living conditions, clean water, and promotion of health education. This disease must be reduced among the population by implementing these measures. Subjects